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[3] [4] Typically hyperkalemia does not cause symptoms. [1] Occasionally when severe it can cause palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness, or numbness. [1] [2] Hyperkalemia can cause an abnormal heart rhythm which can result in cardiac arrest and death. [1] [3] Common causes of hyperkalemia include kidney failure, hypoaldosteronism, and ...
Schematic representation of a normal sinus rhythm ECG wave. Diagram showing how the polarity of the QRS complex in leads I, II, and III can be used to estimate the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane. The QRS complex is the combination of three of the graphical deflections seen on a typical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). It is usually ...
In adults, it is seen as wide QRS complexes lasting ≥120ms with characteristic QRS shapes in the precordial leads, although narrower complexes are seen in children. [4] In lead V 1 , the QRS complex is often entirely negative (QS morphology), although a small initial R wave may be seen (rS morphology).
Furthermore, tall or wide QRS complex with an upright T wave is further suggestive of the posterior infarction. [ 5 ] Wellens' syndrome is caused by the injury or blockage of the left anterior descending artery , therefore resulting in symmetrical T wave inversions from V2 to V4 with depth more than 5 mm in 75% of the cases.
There must be a prolonged S wave in leads I and V 6 (sometimes referred to as a "slurred" S wave). The T wave should be deflected opposite the terminal deflection of the QRS complex. This is known as appropriate T wave discordance with bundle branch block. A concordant T wave may suggest ischemia or myocardial infarction. [citation needed]
It is often a sign of myocardial ischemia, of which coronary insufficiency is a major cause. Other ischemic heart diseases causing ST depression include: Subendocardial ischemia [3] or even infarction. [4] Subendocardial means non full thickness ischemia. In contrast, ST elevation is transmural (or full thickness) ischemia; Non Q-wave ...
IVCD can be caused by abnormalities in the structures of bundle of His, Purkinje fibers or ventricular myocardium. [5] [6] Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (NICD) is a delay with widened QRS complex but without a specific intraventricular block present. [7]
The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.. In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°.