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Enterotoxins have a particularly marked effect upon the gastrointestinal tract, causing traveler's diarrhea and food poisoning. The action of enterotoxins leads to increased chloride ion permeability of the apical membrane of intestinal mucosal cells.
It is a common cause of food poisoning, with severe diarrhea, nausea and intestinal cramping often starting within a few hours of ingestion. [1] Being quite stable, [2] the toxin may remain active even after the contaminating bacteria are killed. It can withstand boiling at 100 °C for a few minutes. [1]
Different STs recognize distinct receptors on the surface of animal cells and thereby affect different intracellular signaling pathways. For example, STa enterotoxins bind and activate membrane-bound guanylate cyclase , which leads to the intracellular accumulation of cyclic GMP and downstream effects on several signaling pathways.
Since the transmission of this bacterium is fecal contamination of food and water supplies, one way to prevent infection is by improving public and private health facilities. Another simple prevention of infection is by drinking factory bottled water—this is especially important for travelers and traveling military—though it may not be ...
Clostridium enterotoxins are toxins produced by Clostridium species. [2] Clostridial species are one of the major causes of food poisoning / gastrointestinal illnesses . They are anaerobic , [ 1 ] gram-positive, spore-forming rods that occur naturally in the soil. [ 3 ]
Enterotoxins are chromosomally encoded exotoxins that are produced and secreted from several bacterial organisms. It is a heat stable toxin and is resistant to digestive protease . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is the ingestion of the toxin that causes the inflammation and swelling of the intestine.
Most Clostridium species that do have toxins typically have binary toxins with the first unit involved in getting the toxin into the cell and the second unit cause cellular stress or deformation. [6] Clostridial toxins are widespread and aid in the production of many diseases in humans and other organisms.
[2] [failed verification] The ones that do are collectively known as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and are major causes of foodborne illness. When infecting the large intestine of humans, they often cause gastroenteritis , enterocolitis , and bloody diarrhea (hence the name "enterohemorrhagic") and sometimes cause a severe complication ...