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An expansion joint is designed to allow deflection in the axial (compressive), lateral (shear), or angular (bending) deflections. Expansion joints can be non-metallic or metallic (often called bellows type). Non-metallic can be a single ply of rubberized material or a composite made of multiple layers of heat and erosion resistant flexible ...
Slip joints are common under conditions where temperature changes can cause expansion and contraction that may overstress a structure. These are generally referred to as expansion joints . Bridges and overpasses frequently have sliding joints that allow a deck to move relative to piers or abutments.
Oxide jacking has caused concrete spalling on walls of the Herbst Pavilion at Fort Mason Center in San Francisco. The expansive force of rusting, which may be called oxide jacking or rust burst, is a phenomenon that can cause damage to structures made of stone, masonry, concrete or ceramics, and reinforced with metal components.
An integral bridge contains no expansion joints, spanning monolithically from abutment to abutment. [1] Movement due to thermal expansion and contraction or braking loads is accommodated by the end walls or abutments. [2] [3] Where intermediate supports are specified (e.g. bridge piers) these may also serve to resist thermal expansion movements ...
Pin and hanger assembly. A pin and hanger assembly is used to connect two plate girders of a bridge.These assemblies are used to provide an expansion joint in the bridge. One beam (the anchor span) is set on a pier with a short section cantilevered out toward the next pier.
The expansion joint hinges provide for angular movement and will resist pressure thrust forces. [4] Individual hinged expansion joints used in piping systems are restricted to pure angular rotation by its hinges. As a pair, hinged expansion joints will function together to absorb lateral deflection.
ASR can lead to serious cracking in concrete, resulting in critical structural problems that can even force the demolition of a particular structure. [4] [5] [6] The expansion of concrete through reaction between cement and aggregates was first studied by Thomas E. Stanton in California during the 1930s with his founding publication in 1940. [7]
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1]