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In evolutionary biology, sympatric speciation is the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region. In evolutionary biology and biogeography , sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose ranges overlap so that they occur together at least in some places.
In biology, two closely related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter each other. [1] An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation .
Sympatric speciation is the formation of two or more descendant species from a single ancestral species all occupying the same geographic location. Often-cited examples of sympatric speciation are found in insects that become dependent on different host plants in the same area.
Just as sunlight can appear as a dim crack in the sky before clouds part, the coarse boundaries of ecotypes may appear as a separation of principle component clusters before speciation. — David B. Lowry, Ecotypes and the controversy over stages in the formation of new species, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.
allo-sympatric speciation A mode of speciation where divergence occurs in allopatry and is completed upon secondary contact of the populations–effectively a form of reinforcement. [6] [3] altruism anagenesis Evolutionary change that occurs within a species lineage as opposed to lineage splitting (cladogenesis). [7] analogous structures
Guy L. Bush (1929–2023) was an evolutionary biologist, entomologist, and John Hannah Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University. [1] He was also the first director of MSU's Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. [1]
Allopatric speciation, in which two populations of the same species are geographically isolated from one another by an extrinsic barrier and evolve intrinsic (genetic) reproductive isolation. Peripatric speciation, in which a small group of a population is separated from the main body and experiences genetic drift.
Sympatric speciation, from its beginnings with Darwin (who did not coin the term), has been a contentious issue. [41] [4]: 125 Mayr, along with many other evolutionary biologists, interpreted Darwins's view of speciation and the origin of biodiversity as arising by species entering new ecological niches—a form of sympatric speciation. [1]