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In medical research, epidemiology, social science, and biology, a cross-sectional study (also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study) is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time—that is, cross-sectional data. [definition needed]
Retrospective cohort study: Participants are chosen, then data are collected about their past experiences. Prospective cohort study: Participants are recruited prior to the proposed independent effects being administered or occurring. Cross-sectional study: A population is sampled on all proposed measures at one point in time.
Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background ...
In a typical experimental study, there will be at least one "experimental" condition (e.g., "treatment") and one "control" condition ("no treatment"), but the appropriate method of grouping may depend on factors such as the duration of measurement phase and participant characteristics: Cohort study; Cross-sectional study; Cross-sequential study
Cross-sectional data differs from time series data, in which the same small-scale or aggregate entity is observed at various points in time. Another type of data, panel data (or longitudinal data ), combines both cross-sectional and time series data aspects and looks at how the subjects (firms, individuals, etc.) change over a time series.
Case series have a descriptive study design; unlike studies that employ an analytic design (e.g. cohort studies, case-control studies or randomized controlled trials), case series do not, in themselves, involve hypothesis testing to look for evidence of cause and effect (though case-only analyses are sometimes performed in genetic epidemiology ...
Critical appraisal checklists help to appraise the quality of the study design and (for quantitative studies) the risk of bias. Critical appraisal tools for cross-sectional studies are the AXIS, [4] JBI, [5] Nested Knowledge [6] tools; for randomised controlled trials are Nested Knowledge, [6] Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, [7] [8] JBI tool [5 ...
Cross-sectional study: involves data collection from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time. Longitudinal study: correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time. Cohort study and Panel study are particular forms of longitudinal study.