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Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [10] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [10] It is effective for dracunculiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and amebiasis. [10]
Major groups of parasites include protozoans (organisms having only one cell) and parasitic worms (helminths). Of these, protozoans, including cryptosporidium, microsporidia, and isospora, are most common in HIV-infected persons. Each of these parasites can infect the digestive tract, and sometimes two or more can cause infection at the same time.
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. [3] It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases.
Antiparasitics target the parasitic agents of the infections by destroying them or inhibiting their growth; [4] they are usually effective against a limited number of parasites within a particular class. Antiparasitics are one of the antimicrobial drugs which include antibiotics that target bacteria, and antifungals that target fungi.
Metronidazole is the treatment of choice. Treatment usually is successful after 1–2 days with early diagnosis. A new culture system called InPouch has practical advantages over the usual in vitro system. There is a risk of uncontrolled bleeding if oral plaques are removed by forceps, holding open the beak can also suffocate the bird. [11]
A review of treatments showed that the anti-mite drug ivermectin can be an effective treatment for reducing symptoms. [24] Eye drops or ointments containing corticosteroids are frequently used in conjunction with antibiotics and can reduce eyelid inflammation. [4] [5] [25] The supplement n-acetylcysteine may be effective for blepharitis. [26]
Benznidazole is an antiparasitic medication used in the treatment of Chagas disease. [2] While it is highly effective in early disease, the effectiveness decreases in those who have long-term infection. [3] It is the first-line treatment given its moderate side effects compared to nifurtimox. [1] It is taken by mouth. [2] Side effects are ...
Mebendazole (MBZ), sold under the brand name Vermox among others, is a medication used to treat a number of parasitic worm infestations. [5] This includes ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infections, guinea worm infections and hydatid disease, among others. [5] It has been used for treatment of giardiasis but is not a preferred agent.