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Cyclotron radiation is emitted by all charged particles travelling through magnetic fields, not just those in cyclotrons. Cyclotron radiation from plasma in the interstellar medium or around black holes and other astronomical phenomena is an important source of information about distant magnetic fields. [2] [3]
Cyclotron radiation – radiation produced by non-relativistic charged particles bent by a magnetic field; Fast neutron therapy – a type of beam therapy that may use accelerator produced beams; Microtron – an accelerator concept similar to the cyclotron which uses a linear accelerator type accelerating structure with a constant magnetic field.
The general term for radiation emitted by particles in a magnetic field is gyromagnetic radiation, for which synchrotron radiation is the ultra-relativistic special case. Radiation emitted by charged particles moving non-relativistically in a magnetic field is called cyclotron emission. [2]
The first synchrotron to use the "racetrack" design with straight sections, a 300 MeV electron synchrotron at University of Michigan in 1949, designed by Dick Crane.. A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the accelerating particle beam travels around a fixed closed-loop path.
In 1945, Robert Lyster Thornton at Ernest Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory led the construction of the 184-inch (470 cm) 730 MeV cyclotron. In 1946, he oversaw the conversion of the cyclotron to the new design made by McMillan which would become the first synchrocyclotron with could produce 195 MeV deuterons and 390 MeV α-particles.
The final, and least common, solar radio emission mechanism is electron-cyclotron maser emission (ECME). Maser is an acronym for "microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation", which originally referred to a laboratory device that can produce intense radiation of a specific frequency through stimulated emission.
It is often useful to give the gyrofrequency a sign with the definition = or express it in units of hertz with =. For electrons, this frequency can be reduced to , = (/).. In cgs-units the gyroradius = | | and the corresponding gyrofrequency = | | include a factor , that is the velocity of light, because the magnetic field is expressed in units [] = / /.
The Radiation Oncology Department [32] operates a proton cyclotron that produces fast neutrons from directing 50.5 MeV protons onto a beryllium target. The UW Cyclotron is equipped with a gantry mounted delivery system an MLC to produce shaped fields. The UW Neutron system is referred to as the Clinical Neutron Therapy System (CNTS). [33]