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A deuterated drug is a small molecule medicinal product in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the drug molecule have been replaced by its heavier stable isotope deuterium. Because of the kinetic isotope effect, deuterium-containing drugs may have significantly lower rates of metabolism, and hence a longer half-life. [1] [2] [3]
Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol 2 H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, 1 H. The deuterium nucleus (deuteron) contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more common 1 H has no neutrons. The name deuterium comes from Greek deuteros, meaning "second".
DLW ('tagged' water) is traceable hydrogen (deuterium), and traceable oxygen (18 O). The 18 O leaves the body in two ways: (i) exhaled CO 2, and (ii) water loss in (mostly) urine, sweat, and breath. But the deuterium leaves only in the second way (water loss). From deuterium loss, we know how much of the tagged water left the body as water.
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Heavy isotope diet is the consumption of nutrients in which some atoms are replaced with their heavier non-radioactive isotopes, such as deuterium (2 H) or heavy carbon (13 C). Biomolecules that incorporate heavier isotopes give rise to more stable molecular structures under certain circumstances, which is hypothesized to increase resistance to ...
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Since one in about every 6,400 hydrogen atoms is deuterium, a 50-kilogram (110 lb) human containing 32 kilograms (71 lb) of body water would normally contain enough deuterium (about 1.1 grams or 0.039 ounces) to make 5.5 grams (0.19 oz) of pure heavy water, so roughly this dose is required to double the amount of deuterium in the body.
Deuterium is a naturally-occurring, stable (non-radioactive) isotope of hydrogen with a nucleus consisting of one proton and one neutron. A nucleus of normal hydrogen (protium, 1 H) consists of one proton only, and no neutron. Deuterium thus has about twice the atomic mass as 1 H. Heavy water molecules contain two deuteriums instead of two 1 H