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  2. Mantle plume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume

    However, paleomagnetic data show that mantle plumes can also be associated with Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) [7] [8] and do move relative to each other. [9] The current mantle plume theory is that material and energy from Earth's interior are exchanged with the surface crust in two distinct and largely independent convective flows:

  3. Large low-shear-velocity provinces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_low-shear-velocity...

    The resulting motion forms small clusters of small plumes right above the core-mantle boundary that combine to form larger plumes and then contribute to superplumes. The Pacific and African LLSVP, in this scenario, are originally created by a discharge of heat from the core (4000 K) to the much colder mantle (2000 K); the recycled lithosphere ...

  4. Intraplate volcanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraplate_volcanism

    Mantle plumes were first proposed by J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963 [4] [non-primary source needed] and further developed by W. Jason Morgan in 1971. A mantle plume is posited to exist where hot rock nucleates [clarification needed] at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth's mantle becoming a diapir in the Earth's crust. [5]

  5. Large igneous province - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_igneous_province

    Earth has an outer shell made of discrete, moving tectonic plates floating on a solid convective mantle above a liquid core. The mantle's flow is driven by the descent of cold tectonic plates during subduction and the complementary ascent of mantle plumes of hot material from lower levels. The surface of the Earth reflects stretching ...

  6. Earth's mantle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_mantle

    The mantle's composition has changed through the Earth's history due to the extraction of magma that solidified to form oceanic crust and continental crust. It has also been proposed in a 2018 study that an exotic form of water known as ice VII can form from supercritical water in the mantle when diamonds containing pressurized water bubbles ...

  7. Earth's crustal evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crustal_evolution

    The formation and development of plumes in the early mantle contributed to triggering the lateral movement of crust across the Earth's surface. [18] The effect of upwelling mantle plumes on the lithosphere can be seen today through local depressions around hotspots such as Hawaii. The scale of this impact is much less than that exhibited in the ...

  8. Hubble finds new evidence of water plumes on Europa - AOL

    www.aol.com/article/2016/09/26/hubble-finds-new...

    Scientists are almost positive that below Europa's icy exterior, there's about 3 billion cubic kilometers of water sloshing around in a subsurface ocean. Hubble finds new evidence of water plumes ...

  9. Hotspot (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)

    It was later postulated that hotspots are fed by streams of hot mantle rising from the Earth's core–mantle boundary in a structure called a mantle plume. [6] Whether or not such mantle plumes exist has been the subject of a major controversy in Earth science, [4] [7] but seismic images consistent with evolving theory now exist. [8]