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Non-ideal hydraulic behavior is commonly classified by either dead space or short-circuiting. These phenomena occur when some fluid spends less time in the reactor than the theoretical residence time, . The presence of corners or baffles in a reactor often results in some dead space where the fluid is poorly mixed. [6]
This final exhalation occurs in three phases. The first phase (phase 1) has no nitrogen as that is gas that is 100% oxygen in the anatomic dead space. The nitrogen concentration then rapidly increases during the brief second phase (phase 2) and finally reaches a plateau in the third phase (phase 3).
The dead space can be determined from this curve by drawing a vertical line down the curve such that the areas below the curve (left of the line) and above the curve (right of the line) are equal. Most people with a normal distribution of airways resistances will reduce their expired end-tidal nitrogen concentrations to less than 2.5% within ...
In medicine, the ratio of physiologic dead space over tidal volume (V D /V T) is a routine measurement, expressing the ratio of dead-space ventilation (V D) to tidal ventilation (V T), as in physiologic research or the care of patients with respiratory disease. [1]
A two-dimensional Poincaré section of the forced Duffing equation. In mathematics, particularly in dynamical systems, a first recurrence map or Poincaré map, named after Henri Poincaré, is the intersection of a periodic orbit in the state space of a continuous dynamical system with a certain lower-dimensional subspace, called the Poincaré section, transversal to the flow of the system.
LibreOffice uses HarfBuzz for complex text layout, it was first introduced in 4.1 for Linux and 5.3 for Windows and macOS. [ 93 ] [ 85 ] Fonts with OpenType , Apple Advanced Typography or SIL Graphite features can be switched by either a syntax in the Font Name input box, [ 94 ] or the Font Features dialog from the Character dialog.
Phase space crystal is the state of a physical system that displays discrete symmetry in phase space instead of real space.For a single-particle system, the phase space crystal state refers to the eigenstate of the Hamiltonian for a closed quantum system [1] or the eigenoperator of the Liouvillian for an open quantum system. [2]
The front cover of the 1996 CD release of The Primary Phase, one of the first BBC CD releases. The terms Primary Phase and Secondary Phase describe the first two radio series of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, first broadcast in 1978. These were the first incarnations of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy franchise.