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Arabic (alongside English) was an official language in South Sudan from 1863 (these days a part of Egypt Eyalet (1517–1867)) until 2011 (that time the independent state Republic of South Sudan), when the former government canceled Arabic as an official language. Since 2011 English is the sole official language of South Sudan.
These Arab states only gained their independence during or after World War II: the Republic of Lebanon in 1943, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1946, the Kingdom of Libya in 1951, the Kingdom of Egypt in 1952, the Kingdom of Morocco and Tunisia in 1956, the Republic of Iraq in 1958, the Somali Republic in 1960 ...
Chadian Arabic, spoken in Chad, Sudan, some parts of South Sudan, Central African Republic, Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon. Central Asian Arabic, spoken in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan by around 8,000 people. [117] [118] Tajiki Arabic is highly endangered. [119] Shirvani Arabic, spoken in Azerbaijan and Dagestan until the 1930s, now ...
About 20 minority languages are also spoken in the Middle East. Arabic, with all its dialects, is the most widely spoken language in the Middle East, with Literary Arabic being official in all North African and in most West Asian countries. Arabic dialects are also spoken in some adjacent areas in neighbouring Middle Eastern non-Arab countries.
In the Arab world, most films and songs are in vernacular Arabic. [36] Egypt was the most influential center of Arab media productions (movies, drama, TV series) during the 20th century, [37] but Levantine is now competing with Egyptian. [38] As of 2013, about 40% of all music production in the Arab world was in Lebanese. [37]
Modern Standard Arabic (الفصحى al-fuṣḥā) is the primary official language used in the government, legislation, and judiciary of countries in the Mashriq region. Mashriqi Arabic is used for almost all spoken communication, as well as in television and advertising in Egypt and Lebanon, but Modern Standard Arabic is used in written ...
In 1889 the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain claimed that the Arabic spoken in Sudan was "a pure but archaic Arabic". [12] This is related to Sudanese Arabic's realization of the Modern Standard Arabic voiceless uvular plosive [q] as the voiced velar stop [g], as is done in Sa'idi Arabic and other varieties of Sudanic Arabic, as well as Sudanese Arabic's ...
Under the 1998 constitution, only Arabic was the official language. [6] [2] Nonetheless, English was acknowledged as the principal language in the South into the 1990s. [2]It was also the chief language at the University of Khartoum and was the language of secondary schools even in the North before 1969. [2]