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The perfect fourth is a perfect interval like the unison, octave, and perfect fifth, and it is a sensory consonance. In common practice harmony, however, it is considered a stylistic dissonance in certain contexts, namely in two-voice textures and whenever it occurs "above the bass in chords with three or more notes". [ 2 ]
The perfect fourths and fifths of just intonation are well approximated in equal temperament tuning, and perfect fifths and octaves are highly consonant intervals. Fripp builds chords using perfect fifths, fourths, and octaves in his new standard tuning (NST), a regular tuning having perfect fifths between its successive open strings. [23]
The size of an interval between two notes may be measured by the ratio of their frequencies.When a musical instrument is tuned using a just intonation tuning system, the size of the main intervals can be expressed by small-integer ratios, such as 1:1 (), 2:1 (), 5:3 (major sixth), 3:2 (perfect fifth), 4:3 (perfect fourth), 5:4 (major third), 6:5 (minor third).
Standard tuning mixes a major third (M3) with its perfect fourths. Regular tunings that are based on either major thirds or perfect fourths are used, for example, in jazz. All fourths tuning E 2 –A 2 –D 3 –G 3 –C 4 –F 4 keeps the lowest four strings of standard tuning, changing the major third to a perfect fourth.
For instance, the limit of the just perfect fourth (4:3) is 3, but the just minor tone (10:9) has a limit of 5, because 10 can be factored into 2 × 5 (and 9 into 3 × 3). There exists another type of limit, the odd limit , a concept used by Harry Partch (bigger of odd numbers obtained after dividing numerator and denominator by highest ...
In contrast, the standard tuning has one irregularity—a major third between the third and second strings—while having perfect fourths between the other successive strings. [2] [3] The standard tuning's irregular major-third is replaced by a perfect fourth in all-fourths tuning, which has the open notes E2-A2-D3-G3-C4-F4. [1] [4]
The left-handed involute of an all-fourths tuning is an all-fifths tuning. All-fourths tuning is based on the perfect fourth (five semitones), and all-fifths tuning is based on the perfect fifth (seven semitones). Consequently, chord charts for all-fifths tunings may be used for left-handed all-fourths tuning. [21]
It is a tritone because F–G, G–A, and A–B are three adjacent whole tones. It is a fourth because the notes from F to B are four (F, G, A, B). It is augmented (i.e., widened) because it is wider than most of the fourths found in the scale (they are perfect fourths). According to this interpretation, the d5 is not a tritone.