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Asset and liability management (often abbreviated ALM) is the term covering tools and techniques used by a bank or other corporate to minimise exposure to market risk and liquidity risk through holding the optimum combination of assets and liabilities. [1]
In finance, an asset–liability mismatch occurs when the financial terms of an institution's assets and liabilities do not correspond. Several types of mismatches are possible. An asset-liability mismatch presents a material risk at institutions with significant debt exposure, such as banks or sovereign governments.
Asset/liability modeling is an approach to examining pension risks and allows the sponsor to set informed policies for funding, benefit design and asset allocation. Asset/liability modeling goes beyond the traditional, asset-only analysis of the asset-allocation decision. Traditional asset-only models analyze risk and rewards in terms of ...
Formally, the duration gap is the difference between the duration - i.e. the average maturity - of assets and liabilities held by a financial entity. [3] A related approach is to see the "duration gap" as the difference in the price sensitivity of interest-yielding assets and the price sensitivity of liabilities (of the organization) to a change in market interest rates (yields).
Liabilities of uncertain value or timing are called provisions. When a company deposits cash with a bank, the bank records a liability on its balance sheet, representing the obligation to repay the depositor, usually on demand. Simultaneously, in accordance with the double-entry principle, the bank records the cash, itself, as an asset. The ...
1999 OCC Risk Management of Financial Derivatives and Bank Trading Activities, Supplemental Guidance (OCC 1999-02) 1999 NCUA Real Estate Lending and Balance sheet Management (99-CU-12) 2000 OCC Model Validation (Bulletin 2000-16) note this was replaced in 2011. 2000 NCUA Asset Liability Management Procedures (00-CU-10)
FTP is thus integral to a banks balance sheet optimization efforts, and is an important component of an integrated profitability reporting solution. [15] An accurate knowledge of these charges and credits is also critical to asset and liability management (ALM), and to the management of overall interest rate-and liquidity risk.
A 2007 run on Northern Rock, a British bank. The Diamond–Dybvig model is an influential model of bank runs and related financial crises.The model shows how banks' mix of illiquid assets (such as business or mortgage loans) and liquid liabilities (deposits which may be withdrawn at any time) may give rise to self-fulfilling panics among depositors.
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