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If a geometric shape can be used as a prototile to create a tessellation, the shape is said to tessellate or to tile the plane. The Conway criterion is a sufficient, but not necessary, set of rules for deciding whether a given shape tiles the plane periodically without reflections: some tiles fail the criterion, but still tile the plane. [19]
Similarly, a k-isohedral tiling has k separate symmetry orbits (it may contain m different face shapes, for m = k, or only for some m < k). [ 6 ] ("1-isohedral" is the same as "isohedral".) A monohedral polyhedron or monohedral tiling ( m = 1) has congruent faces, either directly or reflectively, which occur in one or more symmetry positions.
The tesseract can make a regular tessellation of 4-dimensional hyperbolic space, with 5 tesseracts around each face, with Schläfli symbol {4,3,3,5}, called an order-5 tesseractic honeycomb. The Ammann–Beenker tiling is an aperiodic tiling in 2 dimensions obtained by cut-and-project on the tesseractic honeycomb along an eightfold rotational ...
The k-uniform tilings with valence-5 vertices also have pentagonal dual tilings, containing the same three shaped pentagons as the semiregular duals above, but contain a mixture of pentagonal types. A k -uniform tiling has a k -isohedral dual tiling and are represented by different colors and shades of colors below.
It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions. Its dimension can be clarified as n-honeycomb for a honeycomb of n-dimensional space. Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic honeycombs.
Regular complex apeirogons have vertices and edges, where edges can contain 2 or more vertices. Regular apeirogons p{q}r are constrained by: 1/p + 2/q + 1/r = 1. Edges have p vertices, and vertex figures are r-gonal. [5] The first is made of 2-edges, three around every vertex, the second has hexagonal edges, three around every vertex.
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (May 2021) Spherical. Regular Spherical (n=1, 2, 3, ...) Article Vertex configuration Schläfli symbol
The elements of a polytope can be considered according to either their own dimensionality or how many dimensions "down" they are from the body. Vertex, a 0-dimensional element; Edge, a 1-dimensional element; Face, a 2-dimensional element; Cell, a 3-dimensional element; Hypercell or Teron, a 4-dimensional element; Facet, an (n-1)-dimensional element