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Lachman and Butterfield were among the first to imply that cognitive psychology has a revolutionary origin. [23] Thomas H. Leahey has criticized the idea that the introduction of behaviorism and the cognitive revolution were actually revolutions and proposed an alternative history of American psychology as "a narrative of research traditions."
However, the cognitive revolution did not kill behaviorism as a research program; in fact, research on operant conditioning actually grew at a rapid pace during the cognitive revolution. [1] In 1994, scholar Terry L. Smith surveyed the history of radical behaviorism and concluded that "even though radical behaviorism may have been a failure ...
"Revolution" is now employed most often to denote a change in social and political institutions. [9] [10] [11] Jeff Goodwin offers two definitions. First, a broad one, including "any and all instances in which a state or a political regime is overthrown and thereby transformed by a popular movement in an irregular, extraconstitutional or ...
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. [1] The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
A revolutionary movement can be non-violent, although it is less common than not. [6] [8] Revolutionary movements usually have a wider repertoire of contention than non-revolutionary ones. [6] Five crucial factors to the development and success of a revolutionary movements include: [6] mass discontent leading to popular uprisings
The American Revolution ended an age—an age of monarchy. And, it began a new age—an age of freedom. As a result of the growing wave started by the Revolution, there are now more people around the world living in freedom than ever before, both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of the world's population. [221] [222] [223] [224]
A revolutionary republic is a form of government whose main tenets are popular sovereignty, rule of law, and representative democracy. It is based in part on the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers, and was favored by revolutionaries during the Age of Revolution .
The Age of Revolution is a period from the late-18th to the mid-19th centuries during which a number of significant revolutionary movements occurred in most of Europe and the Americas. [2] The period is noted for the change from absolutist monarchies to representative governments with a written constitution , and the creation of nation states .