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A rutter is a mariner's handbook of written sailing directions. Before the advent of nautical charts , rutters were the primary store of geographic information for maritime navigation . It was known as a periplus ("sailing-around" book) in classical antiquity and a portolano ("port book") to medieval Italian sailors in the Mediterranean Sea .
The Portuguese term is cognate and approximate synonym of the English rutter. Roteiro is applied generally to maritime literature in use from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and specifically to nautical route descriptions compiled by and for sailors and pilots. [1]
The oldest sailing directions, dating back to the middle ages, descended directly from the Greek and Roman periplii: in classical times, in the absence of real nautical charts, navigation was carried out using books that described the coast, not necessarily intended for navigation, but more often consisting of reports of previous voyages, or celebrations of the deeds of leaders or rulers.
Water transportation is a vital means of communication in Bangladesh, a floodplain with approximately 405 rivers [1] and numerous oxbow lakes (locally known as haor). Traditional country boats remain popular for providing low-cost, convenient transport across this extensive inland waterway network.
The RS Elite draws 3 ft 7 in (1.09 m), and adheres to one-design principles. The keel is moulded on to vertical stainless-steel struts. The boat has a "long sloping transom" and almost parallel sides, a maximised waterline length, and the boat is designed for speed and control. [4]
To cut off the wind from a sailing vessel, either by the proximity of land or by another vessel. becalmed Unable to move due to a lack of wind, said of a sailing vessel; resigned merely to drift with the current rather to move by controlled management of sails. becket A short piece of line usually spliced into a circle or with an eye on either end.
For many sailing craft, the arc spanning 45° on either side of the wind is a "no-go" zone, [44] where a sail is unable to mobilize power from the wind. [45] Sailing on a course as close to the wind as possible—approximately 45°—is termed "close-hauled". At 90° off the wind, a craft is on a "beam reach".
1. The arrangement of masts, sails, and rigging on a sailing vessel. [38] 2. To fit a sailing vessel with its masts, sails or rigging. [38] rigging The system of masts and lines on ships and other sailing vessels. [36] rigging chocks Thick blocks of wood fixed outside the rails to take the chain plates for the shrouds. [2] rigging screw