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Wisdom teeth become impacted when there is not enough room in the jaws to allow for all of the teeth to erupt into the mouth. Because the wisdom teeth are the last to erupt, due to insufficient room in the jaws to accommodate more teeth, the wisdom teeth become stuck in the jaws, i.e., impacted. There is a genetic predisposition to tooth impaction.
Over-eruption of the opposing tooth into the unoccupied space left by the stalled eruption of a tooth is a risk factor to operculum trauma from biting. Teeth that fail to erupt completely (commonly the lower mandibular third molars) are often the result of limited space for eruption, or a non-ideal angle of tooth eruption causing tooth impaction.
Most often, the cause of impaction is inadequate arch length and space in which to erupt. That is the total length of the alveolar arch is smaller than the tooth arch (the combined mesiodistal width of each tooth). The wisdom teeth (third molars) are frequently impacted because they are the last teeth to erupt in the oral cavity.
Wisdom teeth (often notated clinically as M3 for third molar) have long been identified as a source of problems and continue to be the most commonly impacted teeth in the human mouth. Impaction of the wisdom teeth results in a risk of periodontal disease and dental cavities. [29] Impacted wisdom teeth lead to pathology in 12% of cases. [30]
An ectopic tooth, also known as an impacted tooth, is a tooth that develops in an abnormal position and fails to erupt into its normal location in the oral cavity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ectopic teeth can cause a variety of symptoms, such as pain, swelling, and infection, and they can lead to more serious complications if left untreated.
Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disease in which tooth eruption does not occur despite space in the arch for eruption. Non-eruption of non-ankylosed teeth occurs due to an eruption mechanism that has failed leading to a posterior unilateral/bilateral open bite. [28] Infra occlusion is the primary hallmark of PFE.
Ectopic tooth eruption may result due to pathological process, such as a tumor or cyst or developmental disturbance. The pathogenesis of dentigerous cyst is still controversial. The accumulation of fluid either between the reduced enamel epithelium and enamel or in between the layers of enamel organ seems to be the key to the formation of ...
Tooth ankylosis refers to a fusion between a tooth and underlying bony support tissues. In some species, this is a normal process that occurs during the formation or maintenance of the dentition. [1] By contrast, in humans tooth ankylosis is pathological, whereby a fusion between alveolar bone and the cementum of a tooth occurs.