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  2. Hard-paste porcelain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard-paste_porcelain

    Porcelain dish, Chinese Qing, 1644–1911, Hard-paste decorated in underglaze cobalt blue V&A Museum no. 491-1931 [1] Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Hard-paste porcelain, sometimes called "true porcelain", is a ceramic material that was originally made from a compound of the feldspathic rock petuntse and kaolin fired at a very high temperature, usually around 1400 °C.

  3. Egyptian faience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_faience

    Egyptian faience is a non-clay based ceramic composed of crushed quartz or sand, with small amounts of calcite lime and a mixture of alkalis, displaying surface vitrification due to the soda lime silica glaze often containing copper pigments to create a bright blue-green luster. [7]

  4. Ceramic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic

    Ceramic material is an inorganic, metallic oxide, nitride, or carbide material. Some elements, such as carbon or silicon, may be considered ceramics. Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, strong in compression, and weak in shearing and tension. They withstand the chemical erosion that occurs in other materials subjected to acidic or caustic ...

  5. Ancient Egyptian pottery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_pottery

    The demarcation between B and C is not very clear, especially between B2 and C. One aid in distinguishing them is that sand is the main additive in type B rather than straw. Unlike B1, B2 is common in all periods and regions. For example, Dorothea Arnold identified four varieties of it in Lisht-South.

  6. Porcelain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain

    Hard-paste porcelain was invented in China, and it was also used in Japanese porcelain.Most of the finest quality porcelain wares are made of this material. The earliest European porcelains were produced at the Meissen factory in the early 18th century; they were formed from a paste composed of kaolin and alabaster and fired at temperatures up to 1,400 °C (2,552 °F) in a wood-fired kiln ...

  7. Iznik pottery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iznik_pottery

    Fritware had been made in the Near East from the 13th century, but Iznik fritware, achieving a white surface, was a major innovation. [29] Fritware (also called stonepaste) is a composite material made from quartz sand mixed with small amounts of finely ground glass (called frit) and some clay. When fired, the glass frit melts and binds the ...

  8. Chinese ceramics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_ceramics

    The decoration, a sage in a landscape of lakes and mountains with blazed rocks is typical of the period. The piece would have been fired in a saggar (a lidded ceramic box intended to protect the piece from kiln debris, smoke and cinders during firing) in a reducing atmosphere in a wood-burning egg-shaped kiln, at a temperature approaching 1,350 ...

  9. Grog (clay) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grog_(clay)

    Grog, also known as firesand and chamotte, is a raw material usually made from crushed and ground potsherds, reintroduced into crude clay to temper it before making ceramic ware. It has a high percentage of silica and alumina. It is normally available as a powder or chippings, and is an important ingredient in Coade stone.

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