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Tees can connect pipes of different diameters, change the direction of a pipe run, or both. Available in various materials, sizes and finishes, they may also be used to transport two-fluid mixtures. [further explanation needed] Tees may be equal or unequal in size of their three connections, with equal tees the most common.
Double tees are connected during the construction without topping with concrete to create the parking structure floor surface. [6] A benefit of pre-topped double tees is a higher quality concrete for more durable surface to reduce traffic wears. Factories can produce the topping with minimum concrete strength of 5,000 psi. In some areas, the ...
A double-T beam or double tee beam is a load-bearing structure that resemble two T-beams connected to each other. Double tees are manufactured from prestressed concrete using pretensioning beds of about 200-foot (61 m) to 500-foot (150 m) long. The strong bond of the flange (horizontal section) and the two webs (vertical members) creates a ...
Fittings are also used to split or join a number of pipes together, and for other purposes. A broad variety of standardized pipe fittings are available; they are generally broken down into either a tee, an elbow, a branch, a reducer/enlarger, or a wye. Valves control fluid flow and regulate pressure.
On the North Atlantic the concept of reducing the standard lateral separation was discussed at NAT SPG (North Atlantic Systems Planning Group) meetings as far back as the 1960s. The successful implementation of RVSM and also a Reduced Longitudinal Separation (RLong) program, separating planes on the same track based on time, allowed progress on ...
A tie rod or tie bar (also known as a hanger rod if vertical) is a slender structural unit used as a tie and (in most applications) capable of carrying tensile loads only. It is any rod or bar-shaped structural member designed to prevent the separation of two parts, as in a vehicle.
An eccentric reducer is a fitting used in piping systems between two pipes of different diameters. The same fitting can be used in reverse as an eccentric increaser or expander.
Service laterals, where present, can be reconnected from within the newly-formed larger-diameter pipe, by cutting replacement openings using robotically controlled cutting devices, then sealed using specially-designed CIPP materials referred to as 'top-hats'. The resins used are typically polyester for mainline lining and epoxy for lateral lines.