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In condensed matter physics, the dynamic structure factor (or dynamical structure factor) is a mathematical function that contains information about inter-particle correlations and their time evolution. It is a generalization of the structure factor that considers correlations in both space and time.
In condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure factor for short) is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation. The structure factor is a critical tool in the interpretation of scattering patterns ( interference patterns ) obtained in X-ray , electron and neutron ...
Contains a Concise, simple, and trenchant summary of the group structure, in whose discovery he was also involved, as acknowledged in Gell-Mann and Low's paper. L. Ts. Adzhemyan, N. V. Antonov and A. N. Vasiliev; The Field Theoretic Renormalization Group in Fully Developed Turbulence; Gordon and Breach, 1999. ISBN 90-5699-145-0. Vasil'ev, A. N.;
From knowledge of elemental structure factors, one can also measure elemental pair correlation functions. See Radial distribution function for further information. Equal-time spin–spin correlation functions are measured with neutron scattering as opposed to x-ray scattering. Neutron scattering can also yield information on pair correlations ...
Haefliger [1] found necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a spin structure on an oriented Riemannian manifold (M,g). The obstruction to having a spin structure is a certain element [k] of H 2 (M, Z 2) . For a spin structure the class [k] is the second Stiefel–Whitney class w 2 (M) ∈ H 2 (M, Z 2) of M.
The Ising model (or Lenz–Ising model), named after the physicists Ernst Ising and Wilhelm Lenz, is a mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics.The model consists of discrete variables that represent magnetic dipole moments of atomic "spins" that can be in one of two states (+1 or −1).
Structural dynamics is a type of structural analysis which covers the behavior of a structure subjected to dynamic (actions having high acceleration) loading. Dynamic loads include people, wind, waves, traffic, earthquakes, and blasts. Any structure can be subjected to dynamic loading.
In the Glauber dynamic, however, every spin has an equal chance of being chosen at each time step, regardless of being chosen before. The Metropolis acceptance criterion includes the Boltzmann weight , e − Δ E / T {\displaystyle e^{-\Delta E/T}} , but it always flips a spin in favor of lowering the energy, such that the spin-flip probability is: