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C 6 H 5 CH 3 + C 6 H 6 → C 6 H 5 −C 6 H 5 + CH 4. The other principal route is by the oxidative dehydrogenation of benzene: 2 C 6 H 6 + ½ O 2 → C 6 H 5 −C 6 H 5 + H 2 O. Annually 40,000,000 kg are produced by these routes. [13] In the laboratory, biphenyl can also be synthesized by treating phenylmagnesium bromide with copper(II) salts.
The industrial synthesis of 4,4′-biphenol was developed by Allan Hay in the 1960s. [2] [3] As the direct oxidative coupling of phenol gives a mixture of isomers, [4] [5] 4,4′-biphenol is instead prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, where para-coupling is the only possibility. [3]
4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl is a commonly used nematic liquid crystal with the chemical formula C 18 H 19 N. It frequently goes by the common name 5CB. 5CB was first synthesized by George William Gray , Ken Harrison, and J.A. Nash at the University of Hull in 1972 and at the time it was the first member of the cyanobiphenyls.
[1] [2] [3] Most are based on two hydroxyphenyl functional groups linked by a methylene bridge. Exceptions include bisphenol S, P, and M. "Bisphenol" is a common name ; the letter following denotes the variant, which depends on the additional substituents.
The resulting 3D homochiral MOF {[Cd 3 (L) 3 Cl 6] • 4DMF • 6MeOH • 3H 2 O} (L=(R)-6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-dihydroxyl-1,1'-binaphthyl-bipyridine) synthesized by Lin was shown to have a similar catalytic efficiency for the diethylzinc addition reaction as compared to the homogeneous analogue when was pretreated by Ti(O i Pr) 4 to generate the ...
Congener descriptors give a shorthand notation for geometry and substituent positions. The twelve congeners that display all four of the descriptors are referred to as being "dioxin-like", referring both to their toxicity and structural features which make them similar to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCDD). [1]
Benzidine (trivial name), also called 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (systematic name), is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 4 NH 2) 2. It is an aromatic amine. It is a component of a test for cyanide. Related derivatives are used in the production of dyes. Benzidine has been linked to bladder and pancreatic cancer. [2]
Dihydroxybiphenyl (as known as biphenol) refers to a class of organic compounds consisting of a biphenyl structure with two hydroxyl groups attached. The most common isomers are 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl.