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A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/microliter (μL) of blood. [4] Values outside this range do not necessarily indicate disease. One common definition of thrombocytopenia requiring emergency treatment is a platelet count below 50,000/μL. [5]
Platelet transfusions are generally not recommended. [6] About 1 per 100,000 people are affected. [3] Onset is typically in adulthood and women are more often affected. [3] About 10% of cases begin in childhood. [3] The condition was first described by Eli Moschcowitz in 1924. [3] The underlying mechanism was determined in the 1980s and 1990s. [3]
Treatment is done to address the underlying cause. To tide over immediate crisis blood transfusion with packed red blood cells (PRBC) or platelet transfusion may be done. Sometimes there are obvious clinical clues to suggest underlying B12 deficiency for a cause of pancytopenia. [6]
Many older recommendations suggested a certain platelet count threshold (usually somewhere below 20.0/nL) as an indication for hospitalization or treatment. Current guidelines recommend treatment for adults with significant bleeding or counts below 30/nL, with very low certainty of evidence. [ 17 ]
Older terminology distinguishes between two forms of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: type 1 (mild, nonimmune mediated and self-limiting fall in platelet count) and type 2, the form described above. Currently, the term HIT is used without a modifier to describe the immune-mediated severe form.
Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as part of the CBC. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, the MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet ...
CDC data shows that 6 out of every 7 reported breakthrough deaths were of those 65 and older.
Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) is a delayed adverse reaction to a blood transfusion or platelet transfusion that occurs when the body has produced alloantibodies to the allogeneic transfused platelets' antigens. These alloantibodies destroy the patient's platelets leading to thrombocytopenia, a rapid decline in platelet count. [1]