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Simmons’ citrate agar was developed by James S. Simmons in 1926 by adding 1.5% agar and bromothymol blue as a pH indicator to Koser’s citrate agar to observe changes in pH as a result of oxidative reactions from citrate metabolism. [5]
This test uses Simmon's citrate agar to determine the ability of a microorganism to use citrate as its sole carbon and energy source. The agar contains citrate and ammonium ions (nitrogen source) and bromothymol blue (BTB) as a pH indicator. [2] Bromothymol blue was added in order to reduce false positives.
Use of citrate involves the enzyme citrate lyase, which breaks down citrate to oxaloacetate and acetate. Oxaloacetate is further broken down to pyruvate and carbon dioxide (CO 2). Production of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) as well as ammonia (NH 3) from the use of sodium citrate and ammonium salts results in alkaline pH. This results in a ...
De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe agar, often abbreviated to MRS, is a selective culture medium designed to favour the luxuriant growth of Lactobacilli for lab study. Developed in 1960, this medium was named for its inventors, Johannes Cornelis de Man [ Wikidata ] , Morrison Rogosa [ Wikidata ] , and Margaret Elisabeth Sharpe [ Wikidata ] .
TSI agar slant results: (from left) preinoculated (as control), P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test is a microbiological test roughly named for its ability to test a microorganism's ability to ferment sugars and to produce hydrogen sulfide. [1]
Like other growth media, the formulations of agar used in plates may be classified as either "defined" or "undefined"; a defined medium is synthesized from individual chemicals required by the organism so the exact molecular composition is known, whereas an undefined medium is made from natural products such as yeast extract, where the precise ...
Chocolate agar showing Francisella tularensis colonies Comparison of two culture media types used to grow Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria. Known as overgrowth, the nonselective chocolate agar medium on the left, due to its composition, allowed for the growth of organismal colonies other than those of N. gonorrhoeae, while the selective Thayer–Martin medium on the right, containing ...
Comparison of two culture media types used to grow Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria. Known as overgrowth, note that the non-selective chocolate agar medium on the left, due to its composition, allowed for the growth of organismal colonies other than those of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while the selective Thayer–Martin medium on the right, containing antimicrobials that inhibit the growth of ...