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In the early 10th century, the Persian scientist al-Razi described ways of silvering and gilding in a book on alchemy, [citation needed] but this was not done for the purpose of making mirrors. Tin-coated mirrors were first made in Europe in the 15th century. The thin tinfoil used to silver mirrors was known as "tain". [5]
Tollens' test for aldehyde: left side positive (silver mirror), right side negative Ball-and-stick model of the diamminesilver(I) complex. Tollens' reagent (chemical formula ()) is a chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones along with some alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerize into aldehydes.
Silvered glass mirrors were a vast improvement, since silver reflects 90% of the light that hits it and is much slower to tarnish than speculum. Silver coatings can also be removed from the glass, so a tarnished mirror could be resilvered without changing the delicate precision-polished shape of the glass substrate.
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The silver mirror reaction involves the conversion of silver nitrate to Ag(NH3)OH. Ag(NH3)OH is subsequently reduced into colloidal silver using an aldehyde containing molecule such as a sugar. The silver mirror reaction is as follows: 2(Ag(NH 3) 2) + + RCHO + 2OH − → RCOOH + 2Ag + 4NH 3. [39]
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