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  2. Warburg hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg_hypothesis

    Scientist Otto Warburg, whose research activities led to the formulation of the Warburg hypothesis for explaining the root cause of cancer.. The Warburg hypothesis (/ ˈ v ɑːr b ʊər ɡ /), sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of carcinogenesis (cancer formation) is insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult (damage) to mitochondria. [1]

  3. Warburg effect (oncology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg_effect_(oncology)

    In cancer cells, major changes in gene expression increase glucose uptake to support their rapid growth. Unlike normal cells, which produce lactate only when oxygen is low, cancer cells convert much of the glucose to lactate even in the presence of adequate oxygen. This is known as the “Warburg Effect.”

  4. Turgor pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgor_pressure

    An increase of turgor pressure causes expansion of cells and extension of apical cells, pollen tubes, and other plant structures such as root tips. Cell expansion and an increase in turgor pressure is due to inward diffusion of water into the cell, and turgor pressure increases due to the increasing volume of vacuolar sap. A growing root cell's ...

  5. Causes of cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer

    Cancer is caused by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. The basic cause of sporadic (non-familial) cancers is DNA damage and genomic instability. [1] [2] A minority of cancers are due to inherited genetic mutations. [3] Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or behavioral exposures. [4]

  6. Clonally transmissible cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonally_transmissible_cancer

    A transmissible cancer is a cancer cell or cluster of cancer cells that can be transferred between individuals without the involvement of an infectious agent such as an oncovirus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The evolution of transmissible cancer has occurred naturally in other animal species, but human cancer transmission is rare. [ 2 ]

  7. Tumor hypoxia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_hypoxia

    Tumor stroma and extracellular matrix in hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia is the situation where tumor cells have been deprived of oxygen.As a tumor grows, it rapidly outgrows its blood supply, leaving portions of the tumor with regions where the oxygen concentration is significantly lower than in healthy tissues.

  8. Carcinogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis

    The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).

  9. Lymphovascular invasion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphovascular_invasion

    The predictive value and prevalence of lymphovascular invasion is strongly dependent on the type of cancer. In other words, LVI in one type of cancer may be much less important than LVI in another type of cancer. Generally speaking, it is associated with lymph node metastases [2] [3] which themselves are predictive of a poorer prognosis. [4]