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ISGs are genes whose expression can be stimulated by interferon, but may also be stimulated by other pathways. [1] Interferons are a type of protein called a cytokine, which is produced in response to infection. [9] When released, they signal to infected cells and other nearby cells that a pathogen is present. [9]
These Interferon Regulated Genes are also known as Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs). The database contains information on type I (IFN alpha, beta), type II (IFN gamma) and type III (IFN lambda) regulated genes and is regularly updated. It is used by the interferon and cytokine research community [2] both as an analysis tool and an information ...
Adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2, as well as the negative-stranded RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), have been shown to be able to activate a STING-dependent innate immune response. [14] STING deficiency in mice led to lethal susceptibility to HSV-1 infection due to the lack of a successful type I interferon response ...
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 17 kDa secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG15 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] ISG15 is induced by type I interferon (IFN) and serves many functions, acting both as an extracellular cytokine and an intracellular protein modifier.
101180976 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000272395 n/a UniProt K9M1U5 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001276254 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001263183 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 39.25 – 39.25 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Interferon lambda 4 (gene symbol: IFNL4) is one of the most recently discovered human genes and the newest addition to the interferon lambda protein family. This gene encodes the ...
Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. [5] The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. [6]
The gene encoding IFNα2, the IFNA2 gene, is clustered with all other type I IFN genes on chromosome 9 [8] and as all type I IFN genes, it is devoid of intron. [9] The open reading frame (coding sequence) of IFNA2 codes for a pre-protein of 188 amino acids with a 23 amino acid signal peptide allowing secretion of the mature protein.
For example, type I IFNs induce interferon-stimulated gene expression, classically resulting in a robust anti-viral immune response. Additionally, IFNs largely impact cell health and viability, with effects on apoptosis, autophagy, cell differentiation, and proliferation. [10]