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Biofloc technology (BFT) is a system of aquaculture that uses "microbial biotechnology to increase the efficacy and utilization of fish feeds, where toxic materials such as nitrogen components are treated and converted to a useful product, like a protein for using as supplementary feeds to the fish and crustaceans."
In a typical recirculating aquaculture system, a series of filtration steps maintains a high level of water quality that promotes rapid fish growth. [6] Steps include solids removal, biofiltration, oxygenation, and pumping, with each one requiring different equipment and engineering considerations.
Aquaculture has an average annual growth rate of 9.2%, however, the success and continued expansion of the fish farming sector is highly dependent on the control of fish pathogens including a wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
The feed consists of protein-rich defatted biomass of Nannochloropsis oculata and whole cells of DHA-rich Schizochytrium sp. and was found to perform better in growth, weight gain, specific growth rate, best feed conversion ratio and fish nutrient content than the reference diet of ocean-derived fishmeal and fish oil. [12] [13]
Sustainable fish farming practices do not use dangerous chemicals, hormones, or antibiotics on their fish, which benefits the surrounding marine environment, and the human consumers themselves. In addition to this, sustainable fish farming is able to control what their fish eat: farmers will take care to keep the fish's diet healthy and balanced.
Compensatory growth, known as catch-up growth and compensatory gain, is an accelerated growth of an organism following a period of slowed development, particularly as a result of nutrient deprivation. [1] [2] The growth may be with respect to weight or length (or height in humans).
Maintain an "old growth" structure in fish populations, since big, old and fat female fish have been shown to be the best spawners, but are also susceptible to overfishing. Characterize and maintain the natural spatial structure of fish stocks, so that management boundaries match natural boundaries in the sea.
Fish embryos go through a process called mid-blastula transition which is observed around the tenth cell division in some fish species. Once zygotic gene transcription starts, slow cell division begins and cell movements are observable. [4] During this time three cell populations become distinguished. The first population is the yolk syncytial ...