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Legionella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that can be seen using a silver stain or grown in a special media that contains cysteine, an amino acid.It is known to cause legionellosis [3] (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. [3]
Legionnaires' disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any species of Legionella bacteria, [3] quite often Legionella pneumophila. Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches. [2] Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. [1] This often begins 2–10 days after exposure. [2]
Temperature affects the survival of Legionella as follows: [93] 70 to 80 °C (158 to 176 °F): Disinfection range; At 66 °C (151 °F): Legionellae die within 2 minutes; At 60 °C (140 °F): They die within 32 minutes; At 55 °C (131 °F): They die within 5 to 6 hours; Above 50 °C (122 °F): They can survive but do not multiply
Legionella pneumophila is the most common cause, but sometimes other species of Legionella bacteria also cause Legionnaires' disease. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The terms "Philadelphia fever" and "Legion fever" appear to have been used at the time of the outbreak and for shortly thereafter, [ 17 ] although at least one 2008 source which covers disease in a ...
Pontiac fever is an acute, nonfatal respiratory disease caused by various species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Legionella. It causes a mild upper respiratory infection that resembles acute influenza. Pontiac fever resolves spontaneously and often goes undiagnosed.
Ionization can be an effective process to control Legionella in potable water distribution systems found in health facilities, hotels, nursing homes, and large buildings. . In 2003, ionization became the first such hospital disinfection process to have fulfilled a proposed four-step modality evaluation; by then it had been adopted by over 100 hospitals.
Legionella pneumophila, the primary causative agent for Legionnaire's disease, is an aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] L. pneumophila is a intracellular parasite that preferentially infects soil amoebae and freshwater protozoa for replication.
The dip slide test consists of a sterile culture medium on a plastic carrier that is dipped into the liquid to be sampled. [3] The culture is then incubated, allowing for microbial growth. [ 2 ] Most Dip slides consist of 1 - 2 agars attached to a flexible plastic paddle, this allows full contact of the agar onto the desired area for testing. [ 4 ]