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Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. [1] It is a manifestation of malnutrition (undernutrition) and can be caused by endogenous factors (such as chronic food insecurity) or exogenous factors (such as parasitic infection ).
Runting-stunting syndrome in broilers is a syndrome described in broilers since the 1940s, but often with specific etiological appellations (viral enteritis, malabsorption syndrome, brittle bone disease, infectious pro ventriculitis, helicopter disease and pale bird syndrome).
S. kunkelii, the corn stunt spiroplasma, was characterized as the causative agent of corn stunt disease by Whitcomb et al. in 1986. [19] [20] In the literature, the combination of maize bushy stunt mycoplasma and maize rayado fino marafivirus in addition to S. kunkelii has been called the corn stunt disease complex, also called "achaparramiento."