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Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]
The retching phase is characterized by a series of violent spasmodic abdomino-thoracic contractions with the glottis closed. During this time, the inspiratory (inhalatory) movements of the chest wall and diaphragm are opposed by the expiratory contractions of the abdominal musculature.
Laryngospasm is an uncontrolled or involuntary muscular contraction of the vocal folds. [1] It may be triggered when the vocal cords or the area of the trachea below the vocal folds detects the entry of water, mucus, blood, or other substance. It may be associated with stridor or retractions.
A simple treatment involves increasing the partial pressure of CO 2 and inhibiting diaphragm activity by holding one's breath or rebreathing into a paper bag. [30] Other potential remedies suggested by NHS Choices include pulling the knees up to the chest and leaning forward, sipping ice-cold water and swallowing some granulated sugar.
A hiccup is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, which pulls air against the closed folds of the larynx. The phrenic nerve must be identified during thoracic surgery and preserved. To confirm the identity of the phrenic nerve, a doctor may gently manipulate it to elicit a dartle (diaphragmatic startle) response. [7]
A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, [1] a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, such as the bladder. A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including dystonia. Most commonly, it is a muscle cramp which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain. A muscle cramp is usually harmless and ceases ...
Treatment of VCD often combines behavioral, medical, and psychological approaches, most often including an otolaryngologist, a psychologist, and a speech-language pathologist. [1] Although information on the incidence and prevalence of VCD is limited, it is known to occur most frequently in young women.
Botox is a key treatment for voice disorders such as Spasmodic Dysphonia. [33] Voice therapy is mainly used with patients who have an underlying cause of voice misuse or abuse. [ 34 ] Laryngologists also recommend this type of treatment to patients who have an organic voice disorder - such as vocal fold nodules, cysts or polyps as well as to ...