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The classification of transgender people into distinct groups has been attempted since the mid-1960s. The most common modern classifications in use are the DSM-5 and ICD, which are mainly used for insurance and administration of gender-affirming care.
[5] [6] Guarnaccia & Rogler (1999) have argued in favor of investigating culture-bound syndromes on their own terms, and believe that the syndromes have enough cultural integrity to be treated as independent objects of research. [7] Guarnaccia and Rogler demonstrate the issues that occur when diagnosing cultural bound disorders using the DSM-IV.
Since it is so often associated with other learning disorders and mental problems, it is uncertain whether it can appear by itself; and dysgraphia can be considered to be a specific form of the disorder. The prevalence of disorder of written expression is estimated to be of a similar frequency to other learning disorders, between 3 - 5%.
Excessive Internet use is not recognized as a disorder by the World Health Organization, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, gaming disorder appears in the ICD-11. Controversy around the diagnosis includes whether the disorder is a separate clinical ...
What causes factitious disorder is not well understood, however there is a handful of possible motives that drive this pattern of behavior. Individuals may experience a heightened thrill from medical procedures, a desire for attention and care, or feelings of control or accomplishment when deceiving medical professionals. [3]
People with ARFID may also be afraid of trying new foods, a fear known as food neophobia. [8] For some people with ARFID, multiple reasons for undereating apply. [2] [9] Sensory issues with food are among the most common reasons. For example, people who experience the taste of fruits or vegetables as intensely bitter might avoid eating them.
DSM-5 defines Social Anxiety Disorder as a marked, or intense, fear or anxiety of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized by others. [130] DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria with Diagnostic Features: Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.
Hyperkinetic disorder was a neuropsychiatric condition that was thought to emerge in early childhood. Its features included an enduring pattern of severe, developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity across different settings (e.g., home and school) that significantly impair academic, social and work performance. [1]