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Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction), and several other symptoms. It is a very rare disease.
Hyperparathyroidism was first described in 1925 and the symptoms have collectively become known as " moans, groans, stones, and bones ." By far, the most common symptom is fatigue, but depression, memory loss, and bone aches are also very common. Primary hyperparathyroidism is relatively more common in postmenopausal women.
Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. [ 1][ 4] This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands ( primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli ( secondary hyperparathyroidism ). [ 1] Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are caused by inappropriately normal or elevated ...
Parathyroid disease is conventionally divided into states where the parathyroid is overactive (hyperparathyroidism), and states where the parathyroid is under- or hypoactive (hypoparathyroidism). Both states are characterised by their symptoms, which relate to the excess or deficiency of parathyroid hormone in the blood.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare autosomal dominant genetic condition associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone. [ 1] Those with the condition have a low serum calcium and high phosphate, but the parathyroid hormone level (PTH) is inappropriately high (due to the low level of calcium in the blood).
Parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone ( PTH ), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium concentration through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine. [ 5]
Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. [5] The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic.
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism ( PPHP) is an inherited disorder, [ 1] named for its similarity to pseudohypoparathyroidism in presentation. It is more properly Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, although without resistance of parathyroid hormone (PTH), as frequently seen in that affliction. The term is used to ...
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