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The few systems that calculate the majority function on an even number of inputs are often biased towards "0" – they produce "0" when exactly half the inputs are 0 – for example, a 4-input majority gate has a 0 output only when two or more 0's appear at its inputs. [1] In a few systems, the tie can be broken randomly. [2]
Augmented assignment (or compound assignment) is the name given to certain assignment operators in certain programming languages (especially those derived from C).An augmented assignment is generally used to replace a statement where an operator takes a variable as one of its arguments and then assigns the result back to the same variable.
To find the value of the Boolean function for a given assignment of (Boolean) values to the variables, we start at the reference edge, which points to the BDD's root, and follow the path that is defined by the given variable values (following a low edge if the variable that labels a node equals FALSE, and following the high edge if the variable ...
As Wegner described in 1960, [12] the bitwise AND of x with x − 1 differs from x only in zeroing out the least significant nonzero bit: subtracting 1 changes the rightmost string of 0s to 1s, and changes the rightmost 1 to a 0. If x originally had n bits that were 1, then after only n iterations of this operation, x will be reduced to zero ...
11010011101100 000 <--- input right padded by 3 bits 1011 <--- divisor (4 bits) = x³ + x + 1 ----- 01100011101100 000 <--- result The algorithm acts on the bits directly above the divisor in each step. The result for that iteration is the bitwise XOR of the polynomial divisor with the bits above it.
The last 3 bits do not overflow and count backwards if you further increase the original 4 bit code. When working with sensors that output multiple, Gray-encoded values in a serial fashion, one should therefore pay attention whether the sensor produces those multiple values encoded in 1 single Gray code or as separate ones, as otherwise the ...
For special cases, on some hardware, faster alternatives exist. For example, the modulo of powers of 2 can alternatively be expressed as a bitwise AND operation (assuming x is a positive integer, or using a non-truncating definition): x % 2 n == x & (2 n - 1) Examples: x % 2 == x & 1 x % 4 == x & 3 x % 8 == x & 7
Using the XOR swap algorithm to exchange nibbles between variables without the use of temporary storage. In computer programming, the exclusive or swap (sometimes shortened to XOR swap) is an algorithm that uses the exclusive or bitwise operation to swap the values of two variables without using the temporary variable which is normally required.