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Proving that this is the best of all possible worlds would dispel such charges by showing that, no matter how it may intuitively appear to us from our limited point of view, any other world – such as, namely, one without the evils which trouble our lives – would, in fact, have been worse than the current one, all things considered. [2]
Summum bonum is a Latin expression meaning the highest or ultimate good, which was introduced by the Roman philosopher Cicero [1] [2] to denote the fundamental principle on which some system of ethics is based — that is, the aim of actions, which, if consistently pursued, will lead to the best possible life.
The just price is found not by counting the cost but by the common estimation. However, as this quote might suggest, the just price isn't always the market price. the members of the School of Salamanca thought that authories were sometimes required to intervene and to control prices, [4] especially in monopoly cases [6] or for staples. [7]
But it is better to dissect than abstract nature; such was the method employed by the school of Democritus, which made greater progress in penetrating nature than the rest. It is best to consider matter, its conformation, and the changes of that conformation, its own action, and the law of this action or motion, for forms are a mere fiction of ...
The theory of marginal utility, which is based on the subjective theory of value, says that the price at which an object trades in the market is determined neither by how much labor was exerted in its production nor on how useful it is on the whole. Rather, its price is determined by its marginal utility. The marginal utility of a good is ...
II.3 Temperance is the alignment of our desires with our enlightened self-interest, such that we desire to do what is best for our own flourishing. The word Aristotle used for "intemperate" ( ἀκόλαστος ) was the Greek word for "unchastened" [ 3 ] : III.12, f68 — the implication being that the intemperate person is immature and ...
Saint Thomas derives the six explicitly as transcendentals, [8] though in some cases he follows the typical list of the transcendentals consisting of the One, the Good, and the True. The transcendentals are ontologically one and thus they are convertible: e.g., where there is truth, there is being and goodness also.
In contrast to enlightened self-interest is simple greed, or the concept of "unenlightened self-interest", in which it is argued that when most or all persons act according to their own myopic selfishness, the group suffers loss as a result of conflict, decreased efficiency and productivity because of lack of cooperation, and the increased expense each individual pays for the protection of ...