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In a sample of 45 Neanderthal long bones from 14 men and 7 women, the average height was 164 to 168 cm (5 ft 5 in to 5 ft 6 in) for males and 152 to 156 cm (5 ft 0 in to 5 ft 1 in) for females. [36] The fossil record shows that adult Neanderthals varied from about 147.5 to 177 cm (4 ft 10 in to 5 ft 10 in) in height. [37]
Average Neanderthal men stood around 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) and women 153 cm (5 ft 0 in) tall, similar to pre-industrial modern Europeans. [27] The braincases of Neanderthal men and women averaged about 1,600 cm 3 (98 cu in) and 1,300 cm 3 (79 cu in), respectively, [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] which is considerably larger than the modern human average. [ 31 ]
Below are two tables which report the average adult human height by country or geographical region. With regard to the first table , original studies and sources should be consulted for details on methodology and the exact populations measured, surveyed, or considered.
Reference charts for adult head circumference also generally feature homogeneous samples and fail to take height and weight into account. [ 6 ] One study in the United States estimated the average human head circumference to be 57 centimetres ( 22 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) in males and 55 centimetres ( 21 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) in females.
The most important metric for understanding the anatomy of a fossil animal is the types of bones. The completeness statistics for Dreadnoughtus schrani are as follows: 116 bones out of ~256 in the entire skeleton (including the skull) = 45.3% complete; 115 bones out of ~196 in the skeleton (excluding the skull) = 58.7% complete
The human pelvis exhibits greater sexual dimorphism than other bones, specifically in the size and shape of the pelvic cavity, ilia, greater sciatic notches, and the sub-pubic angle. The Phenice method is commonly used to determine the sex of an unidentified human skeleton by anthropologists with 96% to 100% accuracy in some populations.
In addition, the large size of these theropods would have tended to decrease competition, as the number of possible prey items increases with size. [ 30 ] Foster and Daniel Chure, in a 2006 study, concurred with Henderson that Ceratosaurus and Allosaurus generally shared the same habitats and preyed upon the same types of prey, meaning they ...
Size comparison of various spinosaurids (Suchomimus in magenta, second from right) with a human The length of the type specimen of Suchomimus , with undetermined age, reached 9.5–11 metres (31–36 ft) in length and weighed 2.5–3.8 metric tons (2.8–4.2 short tons).