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Graphite ‡ LiPF 6 / LiBF 4 / LiClO 4: Lithium cobalt oxide: Yes 1991 [49] 2.5 [50] 3.7 [51] 4.2 [50] 0.70 (195) [51] 2.0 (560) [51] 2.21 (453) [1] Lithium iron phosphate: LiFePO 4 IFR LFP Li‑phosphate [48] Lithium iron phosphate: Yes 1996 [52] 2 [50] 3.2 [51] 3.65 [50] 0.32–0.58 (90–160) [51] [53] [54] 1.20 (333) [51] [53] 200 [55 ...
The lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4 battery ) or LFP battery ( lithium ferrophosphate ) is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO 4 ) as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode .
The most notable difference between lithium iron phosphate and lead acid is the fact that the lithium battery capacity shows only a small dependence on the discharge rate. With very high discharge rates, for instance 0.8C, the capacity of the lead acid battery is only 60% of the rated capacity.
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Its thermal conductivity (2,200 W/m•K) is five times greater than the most conductive metal (Ag at 429); 300 times higher than the least conductive metal (Pu at 6.74); and nearly 4,000 times that of water (0.58) and 100,000 times that of air (0.0224). This high thermal conductivity is used by jewelers and gemologists to separate diamonds from ...
The term phosphate is also used in organic chemistry for the functional groups that result when one or more of the hydrogens are replaced by bonds to other groups. These acids, together with their salts and esters , include some of the best-known compounds of phosphorus, of high importance in biochemistry , mineralogy , agriculture , pharmacy ...
With metal cations, phosphate forms a variety of salts. These solids are polymeric, featuring P-O-M linkages. When the metal cation has a charge of 2+ or 3+, the salts are generally insoluble, hence they exist as common minerals. Many phosphate salts are derived from hydrogen phosphate (HPO 4 2−). PCl 5 and PF 5 are common compounds.
Phosphate is also used in animal feed supplements, food preservatives, anti-corrosion agents, cosmetics, fungicides, ceramics, water treatment and metallurgy. The production of fertilizer is the largest source responsible for minerals mined for their phosphate content.