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Graphite ‡ LiPF 6 / LiBF 4 / LiClO 4: Lithium cobalt oxide: Yes 1991 [49] 2.5 [50] 3.7 [51] 4.2 [50] 0.70 (195) [51] 2.0 (560) [51] 2.21 (453) [1] Lithium iron phosphate: LiFePO 4 IFR LFP Li‑phosphate [48] Lithium iron phosphate: Yes 1996 [52] 2 [50] 3.2 [51] 3.65 [50] 0.32–0.58 (90–160) [51] [53] [54] 1.20 (333) [51] [53] 200 [55 ...
At pH 1 or lower, the phosphoric acid is practically undissociated. Around pH 4.7 (mid-way between the first two pK a values) the dihydrogen phosphate ion, [H 2 PO 4] −, is practically the only species present. Around pH 9.8 (mid-way between the second and third pK a values) the monohydrogen phosphate ion, [HPO 4] 2−, is the only species ...
This combustion gives phosphorus(V) oxide, which consists of P 4 O 10 tetrahedral with oxygen inserted between the phosphorus atoms and at their vertices: P 4 + 5 O 2 → P 4 O 10. The odour of combustion of this form has a characteristic garlic smell. White phosphorus is only slightly soluble in water and can be stored under water.
The lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4 battery ) or LFP battery ( lithium ferrophosphate ) is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO 4 ) as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode .
Graphite forms intercalation compounds with some metals and small molecules. In these compounds, the host molecule or atom gets "sandwiched" between the graphite layers, resulting in a type of compound with variable stoichiometry. A prominent example of an intercalation compound is potassium graphite, denoted by the formula KC 8.
The term phosphate is also used in organic chemistry for the functional groups that result when one or more of the hydrogens are replaced by bonds to other groups. These acids, together with their salts and esters , include some of the best-known compounds of phosphorus, of high importance in biochemistry , mineralogy , agriculture , pharmacy ...
These solids are polymeric, featuring P-O-M linkages. When the metal cation has a charge of 2+ or 3+, the salts are generally insoluble, hence they exist as common minerals. Many phosphate salts are derived from hydrogen phosphate (HPO 4 2−). PCl 5 and PF 5 are common compounds. PF 5 is a colourless gas and the molecules have trigonal ...
A crystalline silicon anode has a theoretical specific capacity of 3600 mAh/g, approximately ten times that of commonly used graphite anodes (limited to 372 mAh/g). [3] Each silicon atom can bind up to 3.75 lithium atoms in its fully lithiated state (Li 3.75 Si), compared to one lithium atom per 6 carbon atoms for the fully lithiated graphite ...