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Topographic map of Puerto Rico, 1952. Puerto Rico is mostly mountainous with large coastal areas in the north and south. The main mountain range is called Cordillera Central (Central Mountain Range). The highest elevation in Puerto Rico, Cerro de Punta at 4,393 feet (1,339 m), [24] is located in this range.
The purple sea floor at the center of the view is the Puerto Rico Trench, the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean. The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, parallel to and north of Puerto Rico, where the oceanic trench reaches the deepest points in the Atlantic Ocean.
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There are about 50,000 km (31,000 mi) of oceanic trenches worldwide, mostly around the Pacific Ocean, but also in the eastern Indian Ocean and a few other locations. The greatest ocean depth measured is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench , at a depth of 10,994 m (36,070 ft) below sea level .
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The Mona Passage connects the Atlantic Ocean waters and Caribbean Sea waters, above a sill depth of 400 to 500 meters (1,300 to 1,600 ft). The sill runs along a northwest to the southeast direction between Cabo Engaño in Hispaniola in the west and the Cabo Rojo Shelf in Puerto Rico to the east margin of the Mona Passage. The vertical profile ...
From Point San Diego (Puerto Rico) northward along the meridian thereof (65°39′W) to the 100-fathom line, thence eastward and southward, in such a manner that all islands, shoals and narrow waters of the Lesser Antilles are included in the Caribbean Sea as far as but not including Trinidad.
The Geology of Puerto Rico can be divided into three major geologic provinces: The Cordillera Central, the Carbonate, and the Coastal Lowlands. [1] Puerto Rico is composed of Jurassic to Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks, which are overlain by younger Oligocene to recent carbonates and other sedimentary rocks .