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Random-restart hill climbing is a meta-algorithm built on top of the hill climbing algorithm. It is also known as Shotgun hill climbing . It iteratively does hill-climbing, each time with a random initial condition x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} .
One such algorithm is min-conflicts hill-climbing. [1] Given an initial assignment of values to all the variables of a constraint satisfaction problem (with one or more constraints not satisfied), select a variable from the set of variables with conflicts violating one or more of its constraints.
Hill climbing algorithms can only escape a plateau by doing changes that do not change the quality of the assignment. As a result, they can be stuck in a plateau where the quality of assignment has a local maxima. GSAT (greedy sat) was the first local search algorithm for satisfiability, and is a form of hill climbing.
Iterated Local Search [1] [2] (ILS) is a term in applied mathematics and computer science defining a modification of local search or hill climbing methods for solving discrete optimization problems. Local search methods can get stuck in a local minimum , where no improving neighbors are available.
Stochastic hill climbing is a variant of the basic hill climbing method. While basic hill climbing always chooses the steepest uphill move, "stochastic hill climbing chooses at random from among the uphill moves; the probability of selection can vary with the steepness of the uphill move." [1]
Conversely, a beam width of 1 corresponds to a hill-climbing algorithm. [3] The beam width bounds the memory required to perform the search. Since a goal state could potentially be pruned, beam search sacrifices completeness (the guarantee that an algorithm will terminate with a solution, if one exists).
An illustration of graduated optimization. Graduated optimization is an improvement to hill climbing that enables a hill climber to avoid settling into local optima. [4] It breaks a difficult optimization problem into a sequence of optimization problems, such that the first problem in the sequence is convex (or nearly convex), the solution to each problem gives a good starting point to the ...
Simulated annealing searching for a maximum. The objective here is to get to the highest point. In this example, it is not enough to use a simple hill climb algorithm, as there are many local maxima. By cooling the temperature slowly the global maximum is found.