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The portmanteau колхоз, kolkhóz is a contraction of коллективное хозяйство, kollektívnoye khozyáystvo, 'collective farm'. [1] This Russian term was adopted into other languages as a loanword; however, some other languages calqued equivalents from native roots, such as Ukrainian колгосп, kolhósp, from ...
Collective farming was also implemented in kibbutzim in Israel, which began in 1909 as a unique combination of Zionism and socialism – known as Labor Zionism. The concept has faced occasional criticism as economically inefficient and over-reliant on subsidized credit. [56] A lesser-known type of collective farm in Israel is moshav shitufi (lit.
These collective farms allowed for faster mechanization, and indeed, this period saw widespread use of farming machinery for the first time in many parts of the USSR, and a rapid recovery of agricultural outputs, which had been damaged by the Russian Civil War. Both grain production, and the number of farm animals rose above pre-civil war ...
The authorities resolved that each brigade was to have a fixed plot in every field of the crop rotation.A Communist Party resolution of 4 February 1932 said the brigade's land should be fixed for the agricultural year, but some kolkhozes found that it helped forward planning to fix it for the whole period of the crop-rotation, and this practice was formally adopted in the kolkhoz Model Statute ...
A sovkhoz [a] (Russian: совхо́з, IPA: ⓘ, abbreviated from советское хозяйство, sovetskoye khozyaystvo; Ukrainian: радгосп, romanized: radhósp) was a form of state-owned farm in the Soviet Union. [1] It is usually contrasted with kolkhoz, which is a collective-owned farm. Just as the members of a kolkhoz were ...
During 2004, peasant farms accounted for 14.4% of Russia's total grain production (up from 6.2% in 1997), 21.8% percent of sunflower seed (up from 10.8% five years earlier), and 10.1% of sugar beets (3.5% in 1997). Corporate farms produced the remainder of these crops, with hardly any contribution from the small household plots.
The sovkhoz, built in a remote section of Russia, included a central village and 12 smaller settlements in which the workers and their families lived. The locality contains a population of 10,249 people as of 2011. [1] Sovkhozes such as Gigant are state-run farms, and are contrasted from kolkhozes, which are owned and run by a collective of ...
Merle Fainsod estimated that, in 1952, collective farm earnings were only one-fourth of the cash income from private plots on Soviet collective farms. [54] In many cases, the immediate effect of collectivization was the reduction of output and the cutting of the number of livestock in half.