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The eruptions continued for roughly two million years and spanned the Permian–Triassic boundary, or P–T boundary, which occurred around 251.9 million years ago. The Siberian Traps are believed to be the primary cause of the Permian–Triassic extinction event , the most severe extinction event in the geologic record.
Large igneous province (LIP) eruptions [23] from the Siberian Traps, [24] an impact event (the Wilkes Land Crater), [25] an Anoxic event, [26] an Ice age, [27] or other possible causes End-Capitanian extinction event: 260 Ma: Volcanism from the Emeishan Traps, [28] resulting in global cooling and other effects Olson's Extinction: 270 Ma Unknown.
These studies demonstrate how these eruptions can cause changes within the Earth's atmosphere. [24] Large eruptions can affect atmospheric temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the Sun and cool Earth's troposphere. Historically, large volcanic eruptions have been followed by volcanic winters which have caused catastrophic ...
This timeline of volcanism on Earth includes a list of major volcanic eruptions of approximately at least magnitude 6 on the Volcanic explosivity index (VEI) or equivalent sulfur dioxide emission during the Quaternary period (from 2.58 Mya to the present). Other volcanic eruptions are also listed.
A volcanic eruption is essentially the only natural way for short-lived – less than a few years – gases like sulfur dioxide and water vapor to make it into the stratosphere.
On June 15, 1991, a rumbling Mount Pinatubo grew and grew until it exploded in the biggest volcanic eruption on Earth in 100 years. Super-pressurized, gas-charged magma burst through and a cloud ...
The lava lakes at Ambrym volcano disappeared after a large eruption in December 2018. [12] For many years, Kīlauea had two persistent lava lakes: one in the Halemaʻumaʻu vent cavity within the summit caldera, and another within the Puʻu ʻŌʻō cone located on the east rift zone of the volcano. [13]
The 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain, a stratovolcano on the border of North Korea and China also known as Changbaishan, [1] occurred in late 946 CE. [2] [3] This event is known as the Millennium Eruption or Tianchi eruption. [4] It is one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions in recorded history; classified at least a VEI 6. [5] [6] [7]