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The Xingu River ray, River stingray, white-blotched river stingray, or polka-dot stingray (Potamotrygon leopoldi) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Potamotrygonidae. It is endemic to the Xingu River basin in Brazil and as such prefers clear waters with rocky bottoms. [ 1 ]
Potamotrygon leopoldi is part of a species complex of blackish river rays with contrasting pale spots found in the Tapajós, Xingu and Tocantins basins [3]. River stingrays are almost circular in shape, and range in size from Potamotrygon wallacei, which reaches 31 cm (1.0 ft) in disc width, [9] to the chupare stingray (S. schmardae), which grows up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in disc width. [10]
Potamotrygon is a genus of freshwater stingrays in the family Potamotrygonidae native to the rivers of South America, [1] and sometimes seen in the aquarium trade. [2] It inhabits rivers of tropical and subtropical climates, especially those of the Amazon basin and is virtually present in all South American countries, except for Chile.
The bigtooth river stingray or Tocantins River ray (Potamotrygon henlei) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Potamotrygonidae. [3] It is endemic to the lower Tocantins basin and Araguaia basin in Brazil , [ 4 ] and prefers muddy bottoms. [ 1 ]
Potamotrygon rex, the great river stingray, is a species of freshwater stingray belonging to the family Potamotrygonidae, native to South America in the Neotropical region. [1] [2] P. rex, along with some other Potamotrygon species form a sub-species group known as "black stingrays" known by their similar features and their locality to rivers draining the Central Brazilian Shield.
The ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro), also known as the peacock-eye stingray or black river stingray, is a species of freshwater stingray in the family Potamotrygonidae. It was the first species to be described in the family and is also the most widespread, ranging throughout much of the Río de la Plata , Amazon , Mearim and ...
Ocellate river stingray: Potamotrygon motoro: 50 cm (19.5 in) has venomous barbs that contain a protein based poison, if you happen to accidentally get stung you should submerge the wound in as hot as water as you can as this breaks down the protein [69] Black devil stingray: Potamotrygon leopoldi: 111 cm (43.5 in) see above Marbled whipray
Rat-tailed stingray is a former common name for this species. [6] Lisa Rosenberger's 2001 phylogenetic analysis, based on morphology, determined the diamond stingray and the bluntnose stingray (H. say) of the western Atlantic Ocean to be sister species, that likely diverged before or with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama (c. 3 Ma).