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Nanoparticles of natural polymers such as chitosan are commonly used adjuvants in modern vaccine formulations. [63] Ceria nanoparticles appear very promising for both enhancing vaccine responses and mitigating inflammation, as their adjuvanticity can be adjusted by modifying parameters such as size, crystallinity, surface state, and stoichiometry.
Polymeric nanoparticles may also contain beneficial controlled release mechanisms. Polymer Branch. Nanoparticles made from natural polymers that are biodegradable have the abilities to target specific organs and tissues in the body, to carry DNA for gene therapy, and to deliver larger molecules such as proteins, peptides, and even genes. [7]
A nanocapsule is a nanoscale shell made from a nontoxic polymer. They are vesicular systems made of a polymeric membrane which encapsulates an inner liquid core at the nanoscale. Nanocapsules have many uses, including promising medical applications for drug delivery, food enhancement, nutraceuticals, and for self-healing
Polymeric nanoparticles are synthetic polymers with a size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. Common synthetic polymeric nanoparticles include polyacrylamide, [8] polyacrylate, [9] and chitosan. [10] Drug molecules can be incorporated either during or after polymerization.
Application of nanomotor implants have been proposed to achieve thorough disinfection of the dentine. [21] [22] In vivo imaging is also a key part in nanomedicine, as nanoparticles can be used as contrast agents for common imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography ...
Nanoparticles have been used in drug delivery for applications such as diagnosis and treatment of diseases, with polymeric nanoparticles gaining significant traction as a carrier of drugs or biomolecules over the last few decades. [5] [6] [7] These structures are extremely small, having a diameter < 100 nm. [6]
For some applications, nanoparticles may be characterized in complex matrices such as water, soil, food, polymers, inks, complex mixtures of organic liquids such as in cosmetics, or blood. [133] [134] There are several overall categories of methods used to characterize nanoparticles.
The application potential of nanoparticles in catalysis ranges from fuel cell to catalytic converters and photocatalytic devices. Catalysis is also important for the production of chemicals. For example, nanoparticles with a distinct chemical surrounding , or specific optical properties. [citation needed]