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Beryllium fluoride has distinctive optical properties. In the form of fluoroberyllate glass, it has the lowest refractive index for a solid at room temperature of 1.275. Its dispersive power is the lowest for a solid at 0.0093, and the nonlinear coefficient is also the lowest at 2 × 10 −14.
The Be–F bond length is between 145 and 153 pm.The beryllium is sp 3 hybridized, leading to a longer bond than in BeF 2, where beryllium is sp hybridized. [11] In trifluoroberyllates, there are actually BeF 4 tetrahedra arranged in a triangle, so that three fluorine atoms are shared on two tetrahedra each, resulting in a formula of Be 3 F 9.
The bond triangle shows that chemical bonds are not just particular bonds of a specific type. Rather, bond types are interconnected and different compounds have varying degrees of different bonding character (for example, covalent bonds with significant ionic character are called polar covalent bonds).
The covalent radius of fluorine of about 71 picometers found in F 2 molecules is significantly larger than that in other compounds because of this weak bonding between the two fluorine atoms. [9] This is a result of the relatively large electron and internuclear repulsions, combined with a relatively small overlap of bonding orbitals arising ...
The image captioned "Structure of solid BeF2" is wrong in several respects: It shows only an amorphous network, when BeF2 also has a quartz-like crystalline phase. The network is shown as two dimensional, when the solid has three-dimensional bonding. The network shows tri-coordinate Be ions, when they are in reality tetracoordinate.
The water molecules function as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the metal ion and forming a dative covalent bond with it. Typical examples are listed in the following table. Typical examples are listed in the following table.
Water is particularly common solvent to be found in crystals because it is small and polar. But all solvents can be found in some host crystals. Water is noteworthy because it is reactive, whereas other solvents such as benzene are considered to be chemically innocuous.
Some other designs (sometimes called molten-salt cooled reactors) use it as coolant, but have conventional solid nuclear fuel instead of dissolving it in the molten salt. The liquid FLiBe salt was also proposed as a liquid blanket for tritium production and cooling in the ARC fusion reactor , a compact tokamak design by MIT.