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(1906–1989) 20 March 1956 21 October 1956 First Secretary of PZPR Władysław Gomułka (1905–1982) 21 October 1956 20 December 1970 Edward Gierek (1913–2001) 20 December 1970 6 September 1980 Stanisław Kania (1927–2020) 6 September 1980 18 October 1981 Wojciech Jaruzelski (1923–2014) 18 October 1981 29 July 1989 Mieczysław Rakowski ...
He was re-elected to a second and final term as President in 2000 in a decisive first-round victory. In line with a constitutional limit of two terms, his second term ended on 23 December 2005. According to a 2020 poll conducted by Rzeczpospolita, Kwaśniewski was considered the best president in post-1989 history of Poland. [6]
The President was elected by the National Assembly, a joint sitting of the Sejm and the Senate, by open ballot.The members of the Assembly were elected in the 1989 Polish parliamentary election; although 460 deputies and 100 senators (making 560 electors) had been elected, senator Grzegorz Białkowski [pl; de] died before the presidential election and his replacement was yet to be chosen.
Lech Wałęsa [a] (Polish pronunciation: [ˈlɛɣ vaˈwɛ̃sa] ⓘ; born 29 September 1943) is a Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as the president of Poland between 1990 and 1995.
The president of Poland (Polish: Prezydent RP [ˈprɛ.zɘ.dɛnt ɛrˈpɛ]), officially the president of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the head of state of the Republic of Poland.
The government's inability to forestall Poland's economic decline led to waves of strikes across the country in April, May and August 1988. In an attempt to take control of the situation, the contemporary government gave de facto recognition to the Solidarity union, and Interior Minister Czesław Kiszczak began talks with Solidarity's leader Lech Wałęsa on August 31.
Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski was born on 6 July 1923 in Kurów, [2] into a family of Polish gentry. [2] [3] He was the son of Wanda (née Zaremba) and Władysław Mieczysław Jaruzelski, a Czech-educated agronomist and volunteered soldier who fought in the war against Soviet Russia in 1920 [4] [5] and was raised on the family estate near Wysokie (in the vicinity of Białystok). [6]
In 1989, Kaczyński took part in the Round Table talks. In 1989–1991, he served as a senator. In 1990, he founded the Centre Agreement party, of which he served as leader until 1998. In 1990–91 he was head of the chancellery of President Lech Wałęsa. He served as a Member of Parliament from 1991 to 1993 and continuously since 1997.