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The Government of Canada, which is formally referred to as His Majesty's Government, [6] [7] is defined by the Canadian constitution as the sovereign acting on the advice of the Privy Council; [8] [9] what is known as the Governor-in-Council, [10] referring to the governor general of Canada as the King's stand-in.
From 1867 to 1949, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was the highest court of appeal for Canada (and, separately, for Newfoundland, which did not join Canada as a province until 1949). During this period, its decisions on Canadian appeals were binding precedent on all Canadian courts, including the Supreme Court of Canada .
The Board is a quasi-judicial tribunal that hears appeals and may provide assistance for disaster assistance. Land Value Appraisal Commission land value: Consumer Protection and Government Services The Commission is an independent tribunal that "determines the due compensation payable for government land purchases and expropriations." [24]
The Canadian SR&ED tax incentive is the government's largest single support program for R&D. Canada has one of the more generous R&D programs among OECD countries. [2] [3] "Each year the SR&ED program provides over $4 billion in investment tax credits (ITCs) to over 18,000 claimants. Of these, about 75% are small businesses."
The Tax Court of Canada (TCC; French: Cour canadienne de l'impôt), established in 1983 by the Tax Court of Canada Act, is a federal superior court which deals with matters involving companies or individuals and tax issues with the Government of Canada.
In 1971, the Federal Court (composed of two divisions, the Federal Court of Appeal and the Federal Court, Trial Division) replaced the Exchequer Court of Canada. In 2003, the Federal Court was split into two separate courts, the Federal Court of Appeal [10] and the Federal Court. [11]
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The first is the term "provincial court", which has two quite different meanings, depending on context. The first, and most general meaning, is that a provincial court is a court established by the legislature of a province, under its constitutional authority over the administration of justice in the province, set out in s. 92(14) of the Constitution Act, 1867. [2]