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In legal contexts, pendency is the state of a case that is pending i.e. has been opened but not concluded. The judiciary in India works in hierarchy at three levels - federal or supreme court, state or high courts, and district courts. [1] The court cases is categorised into two types - civil and criminal.
Legal Systems of the World. Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law and legal systems of different countries. More specifically, it involves the study of the different legal systems (or "families") in existence around the world, including common law, civil law, socialist law, Canon law, Jewish Law, Islamic law, Hindu law, and Chinese law.
The civil court/district court is judged by the district and sessions judge who is the judicial head of a district with a limited control over administration also. It is the principal court of original civil jurisdiction besides the high court of the state and which derives its jurisdiction in civil matters primarily from the Code of Civil ...
Comparative criminal justice is a subfield of the study of Criminal justice that compares justice systems worldwide. Such study can take a descriptive, historical, or political approach. [1] It studies the similarities and differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights as well as the history and political stature of ...
In the jurisdictions of England and Wales and of Northern Ireland, since 2009, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has the authority to overrule and unify criminal law decisions of lower courts; it is the final court of appeal for civil law cases in all three of the UK jurisdictions, but not for criminal law cases in Scotland, where the ...
A Lok Adalat can take up civil cases (including marriage and family disputes) and compoundable criminal cases. The decision of a Lok Adalat deciding any case coming before it is deemed as final, and any award or decree issued is enforceable on competing parties. [16] Additionally, the issued order cannot be recalled or reviewed by the court.
The Contempt of Courts Act 1971 categorises the offence of contempt into civil and criminal contempt. [12] The act specifies that high courts and the Supreme Court of India have the power to try and punish the offence of contempt, and high courts have the power to punish acts of contempt against courts subordinate to them; however, the Supreme Court of India has clarified that any court of ...
In India, as in the majority of common law jurisdictions, the standard of proof in tort cases is the balance of probabilities as opposed to the reasonable doubt standard used in criminal cases or the preponderance of the evidence standard used in American tort litigation, although the latter is extremely similar in practice to the balance of ...