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The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
Estrogen deficiency has both vaginal and urologic effects; the female genitalia and lower urinary tract share common estrogen receptor function due to their embryological development. Estrogen is a vasoactive hormone (one that affects blood pressure) which stimulates blood flow and increases vaginal secretions and lubrication.
“Women tend to present with more severe liver disease, particularly alcohol-related hepatitis, and do so after a shorter period of excessive drinking and at a lower daily alcohol intake than men ...
Examples of such side effects include breast tenderness and enlargement, nausea, vomiting, bloating, edema, headache, migraine, and melasma. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] High-dose estrogen therapy with estradiol cypionate injections may also cause an increased risk of thromboembolism , changes in blood lipid profile , increased insulin resistance , and ...
Side effects of estradiol benzoate include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, nausea, headache, and fluid retention. [17] Estradiol benzoate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [4] [5] It is an estrogen ester and a prodrug of estradiol in the body.
Changes in sexual health: Lower estrogen levels can lead to low libido, more trouble achieving orgasm and vaginal dryness, which can cause burning and pain during sex, Tang says. Many women find ...
Breast Cancer Survivors: Chemotherapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g. Tamoxifen and Raloxifene), or aromatase inhibitors (e.g. Letrozole, Anastrozole, and Exemestane) can lead to decreased estrogen levels and therefore side effects that include atrophic vaginitis. [6] [13] Cigarette smoking [14]
Side effects of estradiol valerate include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, nausea, headache, and fluid retention. [15] [13] [14] Estradiol valerate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [5] [4] [16] It is an estrogen ester and a prodrug of estradiol in the body.