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The First-tier Tribunal is a first-instance general tribunal in the United Kingdom. It was created in 2008 as part of a programme, enacted in the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 , to rationalise the tribunal system, and has since taken on the functions of 20 previously existing tribunals.
Each tribunal (or chamber in the 'two-tier system') is headed by a Tribunal President. Chamber/Tribunal presidents can be selected from the ranks of existing High Court Judges (in the case of the Upper Tribunal jurisdictions) or through open competitions run by the Judicial Appointments Commission in the case of the Employment Tribunals and the ...
The first chambers within the First-tier Tribunal were planned to start sitting on 3 November 2008. [8] The act replaces the Council on Tribunals with an Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council and creates the office of Senior President of Tribunals, to be appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor. (s.2/ Sch.1). [13]
Scotland has upper and first-tier tribunals, which mirror the UK-wide system (though their remits differ). The Upper Tribunal for Scotland acts as an appeal tribunal equivalent to the Outer House, whilst the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland hears cases at first instance or on appeal from local authorities.
The agency is responsible for the administration of all chambers of the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal, together with the employment tribunals and certain other tribunals which the Tribunals Service was responsible for serving, such as the Special Immigration Appeals Commission and Proscribed Organisations Appeal Commission.
Prior to an overhaul of the tribunal system in 2008, its functions were carried out by the Mental Health Review Tribunal, which was a standalone body. In 2008 the Mental Health Review Tribunal was formally abolished as a standalone body and merged with the Health and Social Care Chamber of the newly established First-tier Tribunal (FTT).
the Employment Appeal Tribunal, which is a superior court of record, and therefore not subject to judicial review, appeals go to the Court of Appeal; the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal established under the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 have absorbed the function of many pre-existing tribunals.
The composition of the Tribunal will depend on from which First-tier Chamber it is hearing an appeal from. For instance: [4] Housing and Property Chamber appeals can be heard by a single sheriff; Tax chamber appeals can be heard by a single legal member; It may share members with the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland. [6]