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The ability of the immune system to recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens is, in part, due to the presence of immune receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are expressed on the membranes of leukocytes including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, cells of the adaptive immunity T cells, and B cells, and non-immune cells (epithelial and endothelial ...
Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that form the cornerstone of the innate immune system. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] TLR1 recognizes bacterial lipoproteins and glycolipids in complex with TLR2 .
Ig-like domain is the part of receptor which is located extracellularly. There are minimal homologies in amino acid sequences of Ig-like domains between proteins of IL-1R family but they all show characteristic Ig-fold and two β-sheets joined together by disulfide bonds which form between cysteine residues. There are differences in number of ...
TLR4 belongs to the toll-like receptor family which is representative of the pattern recognition receptors (PRR), so named for their ability to recognize evolutionarily conserved components of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites) called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The recognition of a PAMP by a PRR ...
Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) is a protein that in mice and rats is encoded by the gene TLR11, whereas in humans it is represented by a pseudogene. TLR11 belongs to the toll-like receptor (TLR) family and the interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptor superfamily.
IL1RL1 is a member of the Toll-like receptor superfamily based on the function of its intracellular TIR domain, but its extracellular region is composed of immunoglobulin domains. Unlike other members of the family IL1RL1 does not induce an inflammatory response through activation of NF-κB , although it does activate MAP kinases .
Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. [5] TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 ( cluster of differentiation 289). It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family.
Toll-like receptor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR10 gene. [3] TLR10 has also been designated as CD290 ( cluster of differentiation 290). TLR10 has not been extensively studied because it is a pseudogene in mice, though all other mammalian species contain an intact copy of the TLR10 gene.